Adolescents’ beliefs about menstruation and associated symptoms: generational changes

Abstract

Menstruation is a phenomenon shaped by multiple psychosocial factors, which influence how it is experienced. In Western cultures, menstruation is often perceived as a debilitating and bothersome event. The aim of this study was to examine adolescents’ beliefs about and conceptualizations of menstruation, comparing these beliefs with those held by adolescents two decades ago. A total of 251 adolescents were surveyed during 2022–2023, and the results were compared to those of a previous survey conducted in 2002–2003. Findings indicate that today’s adolescents tend to hold more negative beliefs, with a significant increase in the perception that menstruation is disabling and interferes with school or work performance. There was also greater agreement with the statement “living with one’s period is difficult.” Despite advances in menstrual education and digital activism, adolescents continue to hold certain negative beliefs and attitudes that may shape their subjective experience of menstruation. These findings underscore the need to promote more realistic and positive narratives on the issue.