Exploración de los factores de estrésentre las enfermeras de entornos clínicos: Un análisis cualitativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i2.2026.2023Palabras clave:
Estresores laborales, Estrés, Entorno clínico, Enfermería, estudio cualitativoResumen
Antecedentes: Las enfermeras se enfrentan a un estrés significativo debido a las complejas exigencias de su trabajo, lo cual puede perjudicar su rendimiento, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Identificar los factores estresantes específicos que afectan a las enfermeras en los entornos clínicos es esencial para mejorar los mecanismos mediante los cuales pueden hacerles frente, lo cual aumentaría su bienestar, fomentando un mejor cuidado a la salud desus pacientes. Objetivos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los factores estresantes específicos a los que se enfrentan las enfermeras en los entornos clínicos de Irán. aterial y método. Este estudio cualitativo de análisis de contenidos empleóun muestreo intencional para realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 enfermeras del hospital Samen-Alhojaj de Sirjan, hasta alcanzar la saturación de datos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el enfoque de Lundman y Granheim con el software MAXQDA 2020. Resultados. El análisis reveló un tema central, el de "estresores continuos", que abarcaba tres categorías: "limitaciones profesionales percibidas ", "factores organizativos" y "factores individuales". Juntas, estas categorías captan las diversas fuentes de estrés que enfrentan las enfermeras, como: normativas profesionales, preocupaciones éticas, el clima y las políticas de la organización, conflictos con colegas, horarios de trabajo largos e inflexibles, así como retos familiares o personales. Estos factores de estrés ilustran las complejas y polifacéticas presiones inherentes a las funciones de enfermería. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos indican que las enfermeras en entornos clínicos experimentan un estrés significativo derivado de limitaciones profesionales, condiciones organizativas y factores individuales. Para abordar estos retos, las instituciones sanitarias deberían centrarse en fomentar entornos de trabajo favorables y adoptar políticas adaptativas a la satisfacción de las necesidades de las enfermeras, como horarios flexibles y programas accesibles de apoyo a su salud mental.
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