Dos tipos de personalidad (A y B) entre pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular en Khorramabad, Irán occidental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i2.2026.2067Palabras clave:
Rasgos de personalidad, personalidad tipo A, cardiovascular diseasesResumen
Antecedentes/Objetivos. Los rasgos de personalidad pueden influir en la morbilidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la prevalencia de dos patrones de personalidad (A y B) entre pacientes hospitalizados con ECV en Khorramabad (un asentamiento del pueblo Lur al oeste de Irán) y explorar su asociación con factores demográficos y clínicos. Métodos. Este estudio transversal descriptivo incluyó a 180 pacientes con ECV (edad media: 55.44 ± 11.94 años) ingresados en el Hospital Shahid Madani, Khorramabad, en 2020. Los datos se recabaron mediante un cuestionario de dos partes: la primera registró la edad, sexo, prevalencia de tabaquismo, tipo de ECV y antecedentes de diabetes; la segunda evaluó el tipo de personalidad (A/B) mediante un inventario estandarizado. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 22 mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrada. Resultados. De los 180 participantes, 99 eran hombres y 81 mujeres. La mayoría presentaban hipertensión (n = 82; 45.5%), antecedentes de tabaquismo (n = 107; 59.4%) y no tenían antecedentes de diabetes (n = 111; 61.7%). En total, 41 pacientes (22.8%) presentaron personalidad tipo B y 139 (77.2%) personalidad tipo A. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el tipo de personalidad y el tipo de ECV (p = 0.002), pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a edad, sexo, tabaquismo o antecedentes de diabetes. Conclusión. En consonancia con los hallazgos de otros países, las personas de la etnia Lur del oeste de Irán con personalidad tipo A parecen tener un mayor riesgo de desarrollar ECV. Se deben considerar intervenciones psicológicas junto con tratamientos físicos para abordar los comportamientos no saludables que pueden empeorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad.
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