Apoyo Social Y Comportamientos De Prevención Del Vih Entre Adolescentes En Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i2.2026.2175Palabras clave:
adolescentes, conocimientos sobre prevención del VIH/SIDA, Apoyo socialResumen
Los adolescentes son susceptibles a la transmisión del VIH. La incidencia del VIH entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en Indonesia está en aumento, lo que subraya la importancia de comprender los factores que influyen en las conductas de prevención del VIH en adolescentes, siendo el apoyo social un factor significativo a considerar. Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la correlación entre el apoyo social y las conductas de prevención del VIH en adolescentes. Métodos. Esta investigación fue un estudio analítico correlacional cuantitativo con un diseño transversal. Participaron 610 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias vocacionales de Bandung, Indonesia. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando las versiones para familiares y amigos de la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (PSSfa y PSSfr) y el Cuestionario de Abstinencia y Evitación de Situaciones de Alto Riesgo en el Comportamiento Sexual (SBAHAQ). Los datos descriptivos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Las relaciones entre las variables se analizaron mediante la prueba de correlación de Spearman, seguida de un análisis de regresión lineal simple. Resultados. Las puntuaciones de apoyo social y comportamiento de prevención del VIH se asociaron positiva y débilmente (r = 0,288, p < 0,0001). El valor medio del apoyo social de la familia fue 11,87 (DE = 3,83); el apoyo social de los pares fue 11,64 (DE = 4,22). El valor medio del comportamiento de prevención del VIH para el dominio de autoeficacia fue 14,51 (DE = 3,14); la intención de comportamiento fue 11,69 (DE = 3,04); el beneficio percibido fue 22,40 (DE = 4,69; rango 0-30). Conclusión. Los profesionales de la salud deben desarrollar intervenciones educativas basadas en la evidencia específicamente adaptadas a las necesidades de los adolescentes, incorporando educación en habilidades para la vida. Este enfoque tiene como objetivo mejorar los comportamientos de prevención del VIH entre los adolescentes, utilizando un marco de apoyo entre pares.
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