Determinantes de la incidencia de tuberculosis entre niños: un estudio de caso en Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i2.2026.2193Palabras clave:
asma, tuberculosis infantil, niños, entorno vital, estado nutricionalResumen
La tuberculosis infantil (TB) es un problema de salud global significativo, con un estimado de 1.2 millones de niños afectados por esta enfermedad en todo el mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los determinantes que influyen en la incidencia de la TB en niños en Indonesia. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un diseño de estudio transversal con datos secundarios de la Investigación Básica en Salud de 2018. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre mayo y junio de 2023 con datos de 37 provincias de Indonesia. La población del estudio comprendió 303,507 niños de 0 a 14 años, con un tamaño de muestra final de 282,861 tras la depuración de datos. Se realizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrada y análisis bivariado de la razón de prevalencia (RP) utilizando el software JASP versión 19. Los resultados revelaron asociaciones significativas de la edad (p < 0.001; RP = 1.371), antecedentes de asma (p < 0.001; RP = 8.12), el estado nutricional (p < 0.001; RP = 1.683) y el entorno vital (p < 0.001; RP = 1.442) con la incidencia de tuberculosis infantil. Sin embargo, no se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la ventilación de la sala de estar (p = 0.481; RP = 1.064) ni la ventilación del dormitorio (p = 0.618; RP = 0.956) y la incidencia de tuberculosis. Los hallazgos sugieren que la detección selectiva por edad, la integración del tratamiento para el asma con el control de la tuberculosis, un mejor apoyo nutricional y mejoras en las condiciones de vida pueden mitigar eficazmente la carga de tuberculosis infantil en Indonesia.
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