Tendencias de uso de sustancias entre estudiantesuniversitariosiraníes: unarevisiónexhaustiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i3.2026.2203Palabras clave:
uso de sustancias, fumar hookah, fumar cigarrillos, consumo de alcoholResumen
El abuso de sustancias representa una preocupación crítica de salud pública entre las cohortes universitarias, planteando graves riesgos para el éxito académico y el bienestar psicosocial a largo plazo. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar sistemáticamente los comportamientos predominantes de uso de sustancias y caracterizar los factores únicos de riesgo subyacentes para los estudiantes universitarios en Irán. Utilizando un marco de revisión estructurado, este estudio sintetiza datos de literatura transversal publicada entre 2014 y 2025. Las bases de datos electrónicas —incluidas ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, IranMedex y SID— fueron buscadas utilizando combinaciones de las siguientes palabras clave: “comportamiento de riesgo”, “comportamiento de alto riesgo”, “uso de sustancias”, “abuso de sustancias”, “fumar”, “abuso de alcohol” y “abuso de drogas”, cada una cruzada con los términos “estudiantes universitarios” e “Irán”. De un grupo inicial de 18,212 artículos, solo 26 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que los comportamientos de abuso de sustancias más prevalentes entre los estudiantes universitarios eran la hookah y el tabaco, junto con el consumo de alcohol. El uso de sustancias se asoció significativamente con variables sociodemográficas como ser de sexo masculino y mayor de edad, así como con factores de riesgo conductuales como asistir a reuniones sociales e iniciar el uso de sustancias antes de los 18 años de edad. Se encontró que el apoyo parental era un factor protector significativo contra el abuso de sustancias. La hookah y el tabaco, junto con el consumo de alcohol, se observaron más comúnmente entre los estudiantes universitarios masculinos en Irán, aunque se observa una tendencia creciente entre las mujeres consistente con la reducción de la brecha de género reportada en todo el mundo. Los responsables políticos deben implementar estrategias para salvaguardar la salud de los estudiantes universitarios. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ayudar a los sistemas sanitarios y a los funcionarios gubernamentales a reconocer posibles riesgos para la salud e implementar intervenciones para promover el bienestar de los jóvenes.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
