Malestar psicológico en pacientes oncológicos en un hospital de atención terciaria en la costa de Karnataka, India: un estudio transversal

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i3.2026.2075

Palabras clave:

estudios transversales, calidad de vida, adaptación, psicológico, actividades de la vida diaria, neoplasias

Resumen

Contexto. El malestar psicológico es un problema psicosocial frecuente, aunque a menudo subestimado entre las y los pacientes oncológicos, que afecta su bienestar y calidad de vida. Comprender las dificultades psicosociales de estos pacientes es fundamental para brindarles apoyo específico y mejorar su bienestar general.  Objetivos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de angustia entre pacientes con afecciones oncológicas, utilizando el Termómetro de Angustia de la NCCN como medida. Entorno y diseño. Es de carácter transversal, encuestó a pacientes ingresados con afecciones oncológicas en un hospital específico de Mangalore. Materiales y métodos. Se reclutó una muestra total de 100 pacientes como participantes mediante una técnica de muestreo intencional y se utilizó el Termómetro de Angustia de la NCCN. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados. El estudio incluyó a 100 pacientes, de los cuales 77% eran hombres. La mayoría (32%) tenía entre 36 y 40 años, y 65% estuvieron hospitalizados durante una semana. La mayoría (75%) tenía una duración de la enfermedad inferior a un año y 34% se había sometido a cirugía. Además, 78% eran miembros de familia que no aportaban ingresos. El cáncer de mama (33%) y el de ovario (14%) fueron los diagnósticos más comunes; 14% recibió radioterapia, mientras 58% se sometió a un ciclo de quimioterapia; 57% reportaron preocupaciones prácticas, 42% familiares, 53% emocionales, 23% físicas y 10% espirituales o religiosas. Los problemas financieros (81%) y de transporte (82%) fueron las preocupaciones prácticas más comunes, mientras que la tristeza fue el problema emocional más frecuentemente reportado (66%). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la importante carga de angustia que experimentan, con 65% que obtuvo una puntuación de cinco o superior en la escala de angustia. Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de una evaluación integral y apoyo que aborde el bienestar psicosocial de las personas que afrontan desafíos oncológicos.

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Publicado

2026-09-01

Número

Sección

Investigación Original